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"Wavescan" is a weekly program for long distance radio hobbyists produced by Dr. Adrian M. Peterson, Coordinator of International Relations for Adventist World Radio. AWR carries the program over many of its stations (including shortwave). Adrian Peterson is a highly regarded DXer and radio historian, and often includes features on radio history in his program. We are reproducing those features below, with Dr. Peterson's permission and assistance.
Wavescan 326, March 25, 2001
Japanese Stations in Manchuria and Korea
In the three eras of expansion in the nearby areas of coastal
Asia, the Japanese Empire took over Manchuria in 1905 and 1931,
and the Korean peninsula in 1910. Manchuria became Manchukuo
and Korea became Chosen. Thus it was that radio broadcasting in
both Manchuria and Korea was developed under the administration
of Japanese occupation.
The first radio station in Korea was JODK, a medium wave facility
in Seoul which was inaugurated on February 16, 1927. After
the end of the Pacific War, this station was allocated a new callsignm
and JODK became HLKA. Even though radio came early to Korea,
or Chosen as it was in those days, there was no international
broadcasting station on the air on shortwave in this country during
the war years.
Manchuria, with nearly half a million square miles and nearly
one hundred million people, is sandwiched in between China and
Russia. There are three major cities, and the best known,
Harbin, has a population of three million people with Manchu,
Chinese and Russian origins.
The first wireless station in Manchuria was a communication facility
first heard in Australia in 1932 calling station J1AA in Japan
in the 39 metre band. This new station, with the callsign
Z1LY, was located at Hoten.
Radio broadcasting in Manchuria began with station JQAK, a medium
wave facility located at Dairen, the new name for Port Arthur.
This 5 kw. station on 390 metres, corresponding to 770 kHz, was
launched in 1927.
Ten years later a shortwave transmitter was installed with the
medium wave unit at the new studio building in Dairen, and this
was heard widely throughout the Pacific with strong signals under
the callsign JDY. The magazine Radio & Hobbies
in Australia shows a photo of the multi-storied building for JQAK-JDY
around this era.
A QSL letter from station JDY on 9925 kHz states that this new
shortwave service was launched on July 16, 1937 with a power of
10 kw. This QSL letter, written in a propaganda style, was
addressed to Arthur Hankins in the United States and is now lodged
with Jerry Berg and the CPRV QSL collection.
A third station in Manchuria was MTCY, launched as a medium wave
facility around the early part of 1935. The listing for
this year shows that MTCY was on the air with a power of 100 kw,
quite remarkable for that era.
Test broadcasts from a new shortwave transmitter at MTCY began
in June 1939, and a second shortwave transmitter was added two
years later. QSL cards in the CPRV collection show that
the shortwave station MTCY, with a power of 20 kw, was owned by
the Manchuria Telephone and Telegraph Company.
During the Pacific War, station MTCY in Manchuria was noted in
Australia and New Zealand with news and information of interest
to the South Pacific.